The Memory Management Reference
Bibliography
By GC Technique

This summary lists books and papers fitting into the categories listed below. Each category contains a list of bibliographic entries, in the following format:

• Authors, linked to their section in the summary by author;
• Publication date;
• Title, linked to the full entry.

Shortcuts: barriers, conservative, copying, generational, incremental, mark-sweep, parallel, real-time, reference counts, replication, other.

barriers

• Antony L. Hosking, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1993. Protection traps and alternatives for memory management of an object-oriented language.
• Antony L. Hosking, J. Eliot B. Moss, Darko Stefanovic. 1992. A comparative performance evaluation of write barrier implementations.
• Pekka P. Pirinen. 1998. Barrier techniques for incremental tracing.
• P. G. Sobalvarro. 1988. A Lifetime-based Garbage Collector for LISP Systems on General-Purpose Computers.
• Paul R. Wilson. 1994. Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques.
• P. Tucker Withington. 1991. How Real is "Real-Time" Garbage Collection?.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1990. Barrier Methods for Garbage Collection.

conservative

• Joel F. Bartlett. 1988. Compacting Garbage Collection with Ambiguous Roots.
• Joel F. Bartlett. 1989. Mostly-Copying Garbage Collection Picks Up Generations and C++.
• Hans-J. Boehm. 1993. Space Efficient Conservative Garbage Collection.
• Hans-J. Boehm, Mark Weiser. 1988. Garbage collection in an uncooperative environment.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1993. The Measured Cost of Conservative Garbage Collection.

copying

• Giuseppe Attardi, Tito Flagella, Pietro Iglio. 1998. A customisable memory management framework for C++.
• Giuseppe Attardi, Tito Flagella. 1994. A Customisable Memory Management Framework.
• Henry G. Baker. 1991. Cache-Conscious Copying Collectors.
• Joel F. Bartlett. 1989. Mostly-Copying Garbage Collection Picks Up Generations and C++.
• Damien Doligez, Xavier Leroy. 1993. A concurrent, generational garbage collector for a multithreaded implementation of ML.
• Amer Diwan, David Tarditi, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1994. Memory Subsystem Performance of Programs Using Copying Garbage Collection.
• Roger Henriksson. 1996. Adaptive Scheduling of Incremental Copying Garbage Collection for Interactive Applications.
• Richard L. Hudson, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1992. Incremental Collection of Mature Objects.
• Richard L. Hudson, Ron Morrison, J. Eliot B. Moss, David S. Munro. 1997. Garbage Collecting the World: One Car at a Time.
• M. L. Minsky. 1963. A LISP Garbage Collector Algorithm Using Serial Secondary Storage.
• Scott Nettles. 1992. A Larch Specification of Copying Garbage Collection.
• P. G. Sobalvarro. 1988. A Lifetime-based Garbage Collector for LISP Systems on General-Purpose Computers.
• Paul R. Wilson. 1994. Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques.
• P. Tucker Withington. 1991. How Real is "Real-Time" Garbage Collection?.

generational

• James O'Toole. 1990. Garbage Collecting Locally.
• Jacob Seligmann, Steffen Grarup. 1995. Incremental Mature Garbage Collection Using the Train Algorithm.
• Mark S. Johnstone. 1997. Non-Compacting Memory Allocation and Real-Time Garbage Collection.
• Alain Azagury, Elliot K. Kolodner, Erez Petrank, Zvi Yehudai. 1998. Combining Card Marking with Remembered Sets: How to Save Scanning Time.
• Henry G. Baker. 1993. 'Infant Mortality' and Generational Garbage Collection.
• Joel F. Bartlett. 1989. Mostly-Copying Garbage Collection Picks Up Generations and C++.
• William D Clinger, Lars T Hansen. 1997. Generational Garbage Collection and the Radioactive Decay Model.
• Perry Cheng, Robert Harper, Peter Lee. 1998. Generational stack collection and profile-driven pretenuring.
• Trishul M. Chilimbi, James R. Larus. 1998. Using Generational Garbage Collection To Implement Cache-Conscious Data Placement.
• Patrick J. Caudill, Allen Wirfs-Brock. 1986. A Third-Generation Smalltalk-80 Implementation.
• Damien Doligez, Xavier Leroy. 1993. A concurrent, generational garbage collector for a multithreaded implementation of ML.
• Antony L. Hosking, Richard L. Hudson. 1993. Remembered sets can also play cards.
• Richard L. Hudson, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1992. Incremental Collection of Mature Objects.
• Richard L. Hudson, J. Eliot B. Moss, Amer Diwan, Christopher F. Weight. 1991. A Language-Independent Garbage Collector Toolkit.
• Richard L. Hudson, Ron Morrison, J. Eliot B. Moss, David S. Munro. 1997. Garbage Collecting the World: One Car at a Time.
• Antony L. Hosking, J. Eliot B. Moss, Darko Stefanovic. 1992. A comparative performance evaluation of write barrier implementations.
• Henry Lieberman, Carl Hewitt. 1983. A real-time garbage collector based on the lifetimes of objects.
• Niklas Röjemo. 1995. Generational garbage collection for lazy functional languages without temporary space leaks.
• P. G. Sobalvarro. 1988. A Lifetime-based Garbage Collector for LISP Systems on General-Purpose Computers.
• Dave Ungar. 1984. Generation Scavenging: A Non-disruptive High Performance Storage Reclamation Algorithm.
• Dave Ungar, Frank Jackson. 1988. Tenuring Policies for Generation-Based Storage Reclamation.
• Paul R. Wilson. 1994. Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques.
• P. Tucker Withington. 1991. How Real is "Real-Time" Garbage Collection?.
• Paul R. Wilson, Michael S. Lam, Thomas G. Moher. 1992. Caching Considerations for Generational Garbage Collection.
• G. May Yip. 1991. Incremental, Generational Mostly-Copying Garbage Collection in Uncooperative Environments.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1990. Barrier Methods for Garbage Collection.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1990. Comparing Mark-and-sweep and Stop-and-copy Garbage Collection.

incremental

• Elliot K. Kolodner. 1992. Atomic Incremental Garbage Collection and Recovery for a Large Stable Heap.
• Jacob Seligmann, Steffen Grarup. 1995. Incremental Mature Garbage Collection Using the Train Algorithm.
• Andrew Appel, John R. Ellis, Kai Li. 1988. Real-time Concurrent Collection on Stock Multiprocessors.
• Alain Azagury, Elliot K. Kolodner, Erez Petrank, Zvi Yehudai. 1998. Combining Card Marking with Remembered Sets: How to Save Scanning Time.
• Henry G. Baker, Carl Hewitt. 1977. The Incremental Garbage Collection of Processes.
• Henry G. Baker. 1978. List Processing in Real Time on a Serial Computer.
• E. W. Dijkstra, Leslie Lamport, A. J. Martin, C. S. Scholten, E. F. M. Steffens. 1976. On-the-fly Garbage Collection: An Exercise in Cooperation.
• Roger Henriksson. 1996. Adaptive Scheduling of Incremental Copying Garbage Collection for Interactive Applications.
• David S. Munro, Alfred Brown, Ron Morrison, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1999. Incremental Garbage Collection of a Persistent Object Store using PMOS.
• Ben-Ari Mordechai. 1984. Algorithms for On-the-fly Garbage Collection.
• Scott Nettles, James O'Toole, David Pierce, Nickolas Haines. 1992. Replication-Based Incremental Copying Collection.
• Pekka P. Pirinen. 1998. Barrier techniques for incremental tracing.
• Guy L. Steele. 1975. Multiprocessing Compactifying Garbage Collection.
• Guy L. Steele. 1976. Corrigendum: Multiprocessing Compactifying Garbage Collection.
• Paul R. Wilson. 1994. Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques.
• P. Tucker Withington. 1991. How Real is "Real-Time" Garbage Collection?.
• G. May Yip. 1991. Incremental, Generational Mostly-Copying Garbage Collection in Uncooperative Environments.
• Taiichi Yuasa. 1990. Real-Time Garbage Collection on General-Purpose Machines.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1990. Barrier Methods for Garbage Collection.

mark-sweep

• Hans-J. Boehm, Alan J. Demers, Scott Shenker. 1991. Mostly Parallel Garbage Collection.
• Dominique Colnet, Philippe Coucaud, Olivier Zendra. 1998. Compiler Support to Customize the Mark and Sweep Algorithm.
• Damien Doligez, Xavier Leroy. 1993. A concurrent, generational garbage collector for a multithreaded implementation of ML.
• Damien Doligez, Georges Gonthier. 1994. Portable, unobtrusive garbage collection for multiprocessor systems.
• Daniel J. Edwards. n.d. Lisp II Garbage Collector.
• Paul R. Wilson. 1994. Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1990. Comparing Mark-and-sweep and Stop-and-copy Garbage Collection.

parallel

• Andrew Appel, John R. Ellis, Kai Li. 1988. Real-time Concurrent Collection on Stock Multiprocessors.
• Hans-J. Boehm, Alan J. Demers, Scott Shenker. 1991. Mostly Parallel Garbage Collection.
• James O'Toole, Scott Nettles. 1994. Concurrent Replicating Garbage Collection.

real-time

• Mark S. Johnstone. 1997. Non-Compacting Memory Allocation and Real-Time Garbage Collection.
• Andrew Appel, John R. Ellis, Kai Li. 1988. Real-time Concurrent Collection on Stock Multiprocessors.
• Henry G. Baker. 1992. The Treadmill: Real-Time Garbage Collection Without Motion Sickness.
• Damien Doligez, Xavier Leroy. 1993. A concurrent, generational garbage collector for a multithreaded implementation of ML.
• Damien Doligez, Georges Gonthier. 1994. Portable, unobtrusive garbage collection for multiprocessor systems.
• Roger Henriksson. 1994. Scheduling Real Time Garbage Collection.
• Roger Henriksson. 1998. Scheduling Garbage Collection in Embedded Systems.
• Henry Lieberman, Carl Hewitt. 1983. A real-time garbage collector based on the lifetimes of objects.
• Scott Nettles, James O'Toole. 1993. Real-Time Replication Garbage Collection.
• P. Tucker Withington. 1991. How Real is "Real-Time" Garbage Collection?.

reference counts

• Henry G. Baker. 1994. Minimizing Reference Count Updating with Deferred and Anchored Pointers for Functional Data Structures.
• L. Peter Deutsch, Daniel G. Bobrow. 1976. An Efficient, Incremental, Automatic Garbage Collector.
• Daniel R. Edelson. 1992. Smart pointers: They're smart, but they're not pointers.
• Daniel P Friedman, David S. Wise. 1977. The One-Bit Reference Count.
• Daniel P Friedman, David S. Wise. 1979. Reference counting can manage the circular environments of mutual recursion.
• Richard E. Jones, Rafael Lins. 1992. Cyclic weighted reference counting without delay.
• Paul Rovner. 1985. On Adding Garbage Collection and Runtime Types to a Strongly-Typed, Statically-Checked, Concurrent Language.
• David J. Roth, David S. Wise. 1999. One-bit counts between unique and sticky.
• Will R Stoye, T J W Clarke, Arthur C Norman. 1984. Some Practical Methods for Rapid Combinator Reduction.
• David S. Wise, Brian Heck, Caleb Hess, Willie Hunt, Eric Ost. 1997. Uniprocessor Performance of a Reference-Counting Hardware Heap.
• Paul R. Wilson. 1994. Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques.
• David S. Wise. 1979. Morris's garbage compaction algorithm restores reference counts.
• David S. Wise. 1985. Design for a multiprocessing heap with on-board reference counting.
• David S. Wise. 1993. Stop-and-copy and one-bit reference counting.

replication

• Scott Nettles, James O'Toole. 1993. Real-Time Replication Garbage Collection.
• Scott Nettles, James O'Toole. 1993. Implementing Orthogonal Persistence: A Simple Optimization Using Replicating Collection.
• Scott Nettles, James O'Toole, David Pierce, Nickolas Haines. 1992. Replication-Based Incremental Copying Collection.
• James O'Toole, Scott Nettles. 1994. Concurrent Replicating Garbage Collection.
• Gustavo Rodriguez-Rivera, Vince Russo. 1997. Non-intrusive Cloning Garbage Collection with Stock Operating System Support.

other

• Jonathan E. Cook, Artur Klauser, Alexander L. Wolf, Benjamin Zorn. 1996. Semi-automatic, Self-adaptive Control of Garbage Collection Rates in Object Databases.
• Robert A. Shaw. 1987. Improving Garbage Collector Performance in Virtual Memory.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1989. Comparative Performance Evaluation of Garbage Collection Algorithms.
• Richard E. Jones, Rafael Lins. 1996. Garbage Collection: Algorithms for Automatic Dynamic Memory Management.
• Ole Agesen, David L. Detlefs. 1997. Finding References in Java^TM Stacks.
• Ole Agesen, David L. Detlefs, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1998. Garbage Collection and Local Variable Type-precision and Liveness in Java^TM Virtual Machines .
• Henry G. Baker. 1979. Optimizing Allocation and Garbage Collection of Spaces.
• Henry G. Baker. 1992. Lively Linear Lisp -- 'Look Ma, No Garbage!'.
• Henry G. Baker. 1992. NREVERSAL of Fortune -- The Thermodynamics of Garbage Collection.
• Henry G. Baker. 1994. Thermodynamics and Garbage Collection.
• David A. Barrett, Benjamin Zorn. 1995. Garbage Collection using a Dynamic Threatening Boundary.
• Hans-J. Boehm, David Chase. 1992. A Proposal for Garbage-Collector-Safe C Compilation.
• William D Clinger, Lars T Hansen. 1997. Generational Garbage Collection and the Radioactive Decay Model.
• C. J. Cheney. 1970. A non-recursive list compacting algorithm.
• Eric Cooper, Scott Nettles, Indira Subramanian. 1992. Improving the Performance of SML Garbage Collection using Application-Specific Virtual Memory Management.
• Jacques Cohen. 1981. Garbage collection of linked data structures.
• Dante J. Cannarozzi, Michael P. Plezbert, Ron K. Cytron. 2000. Contaminated garbage collection.
• Jonathan E. Cook, Alexander L. Wolf, Benjamin Zorn. 1994. Partition Selection Policies in Object Database Garbage Collection.
• Amer Diwan, Richard L. Hudson, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1992. Compiler Support for Garbage Collection in a Statically Typed Language.
• Amer Diwan, David Tarditi, J. Eliot B. Moss. 1993. Memory Subsystem Performance of Programs with Intensive Heap Allocation.
• Daniel R. Edelson. 1992. Comparing Two Garbage Collectors for C++.
• John R. Ellis, David L. Detlefs. 1993. Safe, Efficient Garbage Collection for C++.
• Paulo Ferreira. 1996. Larchant: garbage collection in a cached distributed shared store with persistence by reachability.
• Paulo Ferreira, Marc Shapiro. 1998. Modelling a Distributed Cached Store for Garbage Collection.
• Daniel P Friedman, David S. Wise. 1976. Garbage collecting a heap which includes a scatter table.
• Timothy Harris. 1999. Early storage reclamation in a tracing garbage collector.
• Roger Henriksson. 1994. Scheduling Real Time Garbage Collection.
• Greg Morrisett, Matthias Felleisen, Robert Harper. 1995. Abstract Models of Memory Management.
• David Moon. 1984. Garbage Collection in a Large Lisp System.
• Luc Moreau. 1998. Hierarchical Distributed Reference Counting.
• M. B. Reinhold. 1993. Cache Performance of Garbage Collected Programming Languages.
• Marc Shapiro, Paulo Ferreira. 1994. Larchant-RDOSS: a distributed shared persistent memory and its garbage collector.
• David Tarditi, Amer Diwan. 1995. Measuring the Cost of Storage Management.
• Stephen Thomas. 1995. Garbage Collection in Shared-Environment Closure Reducers: Space-Efficient Depth First Copying using a Tailored Approach.
• Stephen Thomas, Richard E. Jones. 1994. Garbage Collection for Shared Environment Closure Reducers.
• David S. Wise, Joshua Walgenbach. 1996. Static and Dynamic Partitioning of Pointers as Links and Threads.
• Benjamin Zorn. 1991. The Effect of Garbage Collection on Cache Performance.